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Issue Let’s Encrypt certificate using Google Cloud DNS

This tutorial shows how to issue free SSL certificate from Let’s Encrypt via DNS challenge for domains using Google Cloud DNS service.

This article has been tested with a GKE cluster.

$ kubectl version --short
Client Version: v1.8.8
Server Version: v1.8.8-gke.0

Deploy Voyager operator

Install Voyager operator in your cluster following the steps here.

Setup Google Cloud DNS Zone

In this tutorial, I am going to use kiteci.com domain that was purchased on namecheap.com . Now, go to the [DNconsole.cloud.google.com/net-services/dns/zones) on your Google Cloud console and create a zone for this domain.

create-zone

Once the zone is created, you can see the list of name servers in Google cloud console.

ns-servers

Now, go to the website of your domain registrar and update the list of name servers.

domain-registrar

Give time to propagate the updated DNS records. You can use the following command to confirm that the name server records has been updated.

$ dig -t ns kiteci.com

; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu <<>> -t ns kiteci.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60415
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 4, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 9

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;kiteci.com.			IN	NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
kiteci.com.		21600	IN	NS	ns-cloud-e3.googledomains.com.
kiteci.com.		21600	IN	NS	ns-cloud-e4.googledomains.com.
kiteci.com.		21600	IN	NS	ns-cloud-e1.googledomains.com.
kiteci.com.		21600	IN	NS	ns-cloud-e2.googledomains.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns-cloud-e1.googledomains.com. 143957 IN A	216.239.32.110
ns-cloud-e1.googledomains.com. 144007 IN AAAA	2001:4860:4802:32::6e
ns-cloud-e2.googledomains.com. 143976 IN A	216.239.34.110
ns-cloud-e2.googledomains.com. 144137 IN AAAA	2001:4860:4802:34::6e
ns-cloud-e3.googledomains.com. 144001 IN A	216.239.36.110
ns-cloud-e3.googledomains.com. 144532 IN AAAA	2001:4860:4802:36::6e
ns-cloud-e4.googledomains.com. 144141 IN A	216.239.38.110
ns-cloud-e4.googledomains.com. 144080 IN AAAA	2001:4860:4802:38::6e

;; Query time: 55 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.1.1#53(127.0.1.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Dec 04 09:15:19 PST 2017
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 333

Configure Service Account Permissions

To issue SSL certificate using Let’s Encrypt, we have to prove that we own the kiteci.com domain. Voyager operator requires necessary permission to add and remove a TXT record for domain _acme-challenge.<domain> to complete the DNS challenge.

There are few different ways to grant these permissions to voyager operator pods.

option 1: Create Service Account

If you are running cluster on cloud providers other than Google Cloud but want to use Google Cloud DNS as your DNS provider, this is your only option. You can also use this method for clusters running on Google Cloud.

Here we will create a new ServiceAccount called voyager in Service Accounts console and grant it DNS Administrator permission. Then we wil issue a json key for this service account and pass this to voyager using a Kubernetes secret.

create-svc-account

mv <your_service_account_key>.json GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY

kubectl create secret generic voyager-gce --namespace default \
  --from-literal=GCE_PROJECT=INSERT_YOUR_PROJECT_ID_HERE \
  --from-file=GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY

$ kubectl get secret voyager-gce -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  GCE_PROJECT: dGlnZXJ3b3Jrcy1rdWJl
  GOOGLE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_JSON_KEY: ewogICJ0eXBlIj2VhY2NvdW50LmNvbSIKfQo=
kind: Secret
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2017-12-04T17:36:24Z
  name: voyager-gce
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "7372"
  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/secrets/voyager-gce
  uid: a612c439-d919-11e7-81d9-42010a8000db
type: Opaque

NB:

The Kubernetes secret must be created in the same namespace where the Certificate object exists.

option 2: Using Compute Engine Default Service Account

If your domains are hosted in the same Google Cloud project as your GKE cluster, you can use this mechanism. When you create your GKE cluster, enable Cloud Platform scope. This will allow voyager operator to update DNS records in this project.

gke-permissions

NB:

You can change scopes on a running gke kubernetes cluster by following this guide written by Adilson Carvalho. Changing a running Kubernetes Cluster Permissions (a.k.a. Scopes)

option 3: Use `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS`

Voyager operator can load a json key file whose path is specified by the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable. To use this option, mount a json key file into voyager operator deployment.

Create Certificate

Create a secret to provide ACME user email. Change the email to a valid email address and run the following command:

kubectl create secret generic acme-account [email protected]

Create the Certificate CRD to issue TLS certificate from Let’s Encrypt using DNS challenge.

kubectl apply -f crt.yaml

apiVersion: voyager.appscode.com/v1beta1
kind: Certificate
metadata:
  name: kitecicom
  namespace: default
spec:
  domains:
  - kiteci.com
  - www.kiteci.com
  acmeUserSecretName: acme-account
  challengeProvider:
    dns:
      provider: gce
      credentialSecretName: voyager-gce

Now, voyager will perform domain validation by setting a TXT record for each domain by prepending the label _acme-challengeto the domain name being validated in this certificate. This TXT record will be removed after validation is complete. Once you successfully complete the challenges for a domain, the resulting authorization is cached for your account to use again later. Cached authorizations last for 30 days from the time of validation. If the certificate you requested has all of the necessary authorizations cached then validation will not happen again until the relevant cached authorizations expire.

acme-challenge

After several minutes, you should see a new secret named tls-kitecicom. This contains the tls.crt and tls.key .

$ kubectl get secrets
NAME                  TYPE                                  DATA      AGE
acme-account          Opaque                                3         12m
default-token-t4m4f   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         1h
tls-kitecicom         kubernetes.io/tls                     2         38s
voyager-gce           Opaque                                2         16m

$ kubectl describe secrets tls-kitecicom
Name:         tls-kitecicom
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  kubernetes.io/tls

Data
====
tls.crt:  3452 bytes
tls.key:  1675 bytes

$ kubectl describe cert kitecicom
Name:         kitecicom
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration={"apiVersion":"voyager.appscode.com/v1beta1","kind":"Certificate","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"kitecicom","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"acmeU...
API Version:  voyager.appscode.com/v1beta1
Kind:         Certificate
Metadata:
  Cluster Name:
  Creation Timestamp:             2017-12-04T17:50:07Z
  Deletion Grace Period Seconds:  <nil>
  Deletion Timestamp:             <nil>
  Generation:                     0
  Resource Version:               8514
  Self Link:                      /apis/voyager.appscode.com/v1beta1/namespaces/default/certificates/kitecicom
  UID:                            90e74603-d91b-11e7-81d9-42010a8000db
Spec:
  Acme User Secret Name:  acme-account
  Challenge Provider:
    Dns:
      Credential Secret Name:  voyager-gce
      Provider:                gce
  Domains:
    kiteci.com
    www.kiteci.com
Status:
  Conditions:
    Last Update Time:  2017-12-04T17:51:49Z
    Type:              Issued
  Last Issued Certificate:
    Account Ref:      https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/reg/25335618
    Cert Stable URL:
    Cert URL:         https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/cert/031f94c84a8b8634b3e58a8f2a9ac56013b8
    Not After:        2018-03-04T16:51:48Z
    Not Before:       2017-12-04T16:51:48Z
    Serial Number:    272083376884530266786654704451984654603192
Events:
  Type    Reason           Age   From              Message
  ----    ------           ----  ----              -------
  Normal  IssueSuccessful  1m    voyager-operator  Successfully issued certificate
  Normal  IssueSuccessful  1m    voyager operator  Successfully issued certificate

By default, voyager will store the issued SSL certificates in a secret named as tls-<certificate-name>. If you want to store the issued certificates in a different secret, you can provide that in that in the spec.storage.secret.name field in the Certificate object.

$ cat crt-secret-store.yaml

apiVersion: voyager.appscode.com/v1beta1
kind: Certificate
metadata:
  name: kitecicom
  namespace: default
spec:
  domains:
  - kiteci.com
  - www.kiteci.com
  acmeUserSecretName: acme-account
  challengeProvider:
    dns:
      provider: gce
      credentialSecretName: voyager-gce
  storage:
    secret:
      name: cert-kitecipro

If you enabled Cloud Platform scope for your GKE cluster (option 2), you don’t need to set spec.challengeProvider.dns.credentialSecretName field.

$ cat crt-gce.yaml

apiVersion: voyager.appscode.com/v1beta1
kind: Certificate
metadata:
  name: kitecicom
  namespace: default
spec:
  domains:
  - kiteci.com
  - www.kiteci.com
  acmeUserSecretName: acme-account
  challengeProvider:
    dns:
      provider: gce

Configure Ingress

We are going to use two separate services as backend. Run the following commands to deploy backends:

kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --name=web --port=80 --target-port=80

kubectl run echoserver --image=gcr.io/google_containers/echoserver:1.4
kubectl expose deployment echoserver --name=echo --port=80 --target-port=8080

Now create Ingress ing-tls.yaml

kubectl apply -f ing-tls.yaml

apiVersion: voyager.appscode.com/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: test-ingress
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    ingress.appscode.com/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - www.kiteci.com
    ref:
      kind: Secret
      name: tls-kitecicom
  rules:
  - host: www.kiteci.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /web
        backend:
          serviceName: web
          servicePort: 80
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: echo
          servicePort: 80

Wait for the LoadBlanacer IP to be assigned. Once the IP is assigned, set the LoadBlancer IP as the A record for test domain www.kiteci.com

$ kubectl get svc voyager-test-ingress -o wide
NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP       PORT(S)                      AGE       SELECTOR
voyager-test-ingress   LoadBalancer   10.15.243.46   104.155.134.134   443:31886/TCP,80:31703/TCP   1m        origin-api-group=voyager.appscode.com,origin-name=test-ingress,origin=voyager

a-record

Now wait a bit for DNS to propagate. Run the following command to confirm DNS propagation.

$ dig +short www.kiteci.com
10.15.243.46

Now open URL https://www.kiteci.com/web . This should show you the familiar nginx welcome page. If you visit https://www.kiteci.com , it will echo your connection info.

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KubeDB

Stash

KubeVault

Voyager

ConfigSyncer

Guard

RESOURCES

Certificate

Ingress

cert-manager

Issue Let’s Encrypt certificate using Google Cloud DNS

Deploy Voyager operator

Setup Google Cloud DNS Zone

Configure Service Account Permissions

option 1: Create Service Account

option 2: Using Compute Engine Default Service Account

option 3: Use `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS`

Create Certificate

Configure Ingress

What's on this Page

Search

KubeDB

Stash

KubeVault

Voyager

ConfigSyncer

Guard

RESOURCES

Certificate

Ingress

cert-manager

Issue Let’s Encrypt certificate using Google Cloud DNS

Deploy Voyager operator

Setup Google Cloud DNS Zone

Configure Service Account Permissions

option 1: Create Service Account

option 2: Using Compute Engine Default Service Account

option 3: Use GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS

Create Certificate

Configure Ingress

What's on this Page

Search

option 3: Use `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS`